Multiphonics

Edward Taylor, Voices in the Night (VIII, mm. 19-24)

Another technique for creating polyphony on a flute is through use of multiphonics, two or more notes sounded simultaneously. These require the flutist to possess extremely precise control of the embouchure and airstream, as well as the memorization of nonstandard fingerings. Further limitations exist: not all combinations of notes are possible, some work only at specific dynamic levels, and the ease of production can vary greatly from instrument to instrument. Composers should first consult one of the sources listed in the bibliography, and then work with a performer, before employing multiphonics into a work. Also, performers find it extremely helpful if composers specify the fingerings to be used. This passage from Edward Taylor's Voices in the Night illustrates an effective use of multiphonics.